Lesson 5 of 5

Reading indicators together: what a lender watches

Each indicator in this course answers one question; risk usually shows up in several at once. This lesson explains why research on early warning reads many indicators together, groups the measures from earlier lessons into a short set a lender can follow, adds the credit-to-GDP gap that bank regulators use, and works through an example that combines real rates, growth, the external balance and credit.

Published 2 November 2026