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Vietnam Q3 bank results: OCB's NPL ratio rises to 3.99% as Sacombank's provisions jump

Published Data as of VietnamCredit
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Key points

Implications for lenders

Bureau-driven reclassification may matter more for lenders in Vietnam: at ACB it lifted the NPL ratio from about 1.04% to about 1.18%, so monitoring CIC data on existing borrowers, not only at origination, may be needed. Rising Group 5 balances, such as OCB's about VND 5,852bn, and Sacombank's provisions of VND 5,729bn may make banks more selective in wholesale lines to non-bank lenders.

Implications

ExecutivesBad-loan trends are diverging by bank, so compare counterparties' Group 5 and provisioning trends, not only headline NPL ratios.
InvestorsProfit growth at some banks is being absorbed by provisions; read coverage and Group 5 movements alongside earnings in Q4 statements.
OperatorsCIC-based reclassification can move a borrower's loan into a worse group because of arrears elsewhere, so check bureau data before and during the loan.

Facts

OCB: according to its consolidated third-quarter statements as reported by Doanh nghiệp Kinh tế Xanh, OCB's NPL ratio (Group 3 to Group 5 loans) was 3.99% 1 at 30 September 2026, up from about 3.19% at end-2025. Non-performing loans reached about VND 8,769bn 2, up 38.2% from end-2025, and loans in Group 5, the category with possible loss of capital, were about VND 5,852bn 3, up 52.7% from VND 3,833bn at end-2025. Nine-month pre-tax profit was VND 4,123bn 4, up 20.2% year on year.

Sacombank: CafeF, citing the consolidated third-quarter statements, reports credit-risk provision expense of VND 5,729bn 5 for the quarter, about 5.5 times VND 1,044bn in Q3 2025. Pre-tax profit fell to VND 1,757bn 6, down about 52% from VND 3,657bn in Q3 2025. Non-performing loans were about VND 51,367bn 7 and the NPL ratio about 7.33% 8, down from 7.54% at end-June 2026; about 6.41% at the start of the year.

ACB: the bank-only NPL ratio was about 1.04% 9, or about 1.18% 10 including loans reclassified using data from the National Credit Information Centre (CIC). Customer loans grew about 11.5% 11 from the start of the year, and nine-month pre-tax profit was VND 16,614bn 12, up 3.4% year on year.

Saigonbank: the smaller listed lender's NPL ratio was 3.06% 13, up from 2.96% at the start of the year, and third-quarter pre-tax profit was about VND 16.2bn 14, down 76.5% year on year.

Analysis

Against the half-year benchmark: the NPL ratio across listed banks was 2.01% 15 at end-June. OCB and Saigonbank now sit above that level and rose during the year, while Techcombank's ratio rose to 1.36% 16 from a low base. Sacombank is the exception in direction: its ratio eased from 7.54% 17 at end-June, though it remains above its start-of-year level while provision expense rose sharply. Credit to the economy grew 11.59% 18 in the first nine months, so part of any ratio movement reflects a growing denominator.

The gap between ACB's two ratios shows how much CIC data now matters: loans a borrower has in arrears at another lender can pull a performing loan into a worse group. Across the Mekong, six Thai banks reported third-quarter NPL ratios between 2.88% 19 and 3.4% 20; ACB and Techcombank sit below that range, Saigonbank within it, and OCB and Sacombank above it.

Counterpoints and uncertainties

The figures come from media reports of the banks' statements, and bases differ (consolidated versus bank-only, before or after CIC reclassification), so ratios across banks are not strictly comparable. CafeF's own balance figures imply a slightly higher Sacombank ratio than the one it reports. Four banks are not the system: SBV system data for the third quarter are still to come, and banks can book recoveries or sell bad debt in the fourth quarter.

Key figures

  1. OCB NPL ratio: 3.99% (up from about 3.19% at end-2025). Groups 3–5 loans / total loans at 30 September 2026, as reported in OCB's Q3 statements. Banks (consolidated). Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: Doanh nghiệp Kinh tế Xanh: OCB Q3 2026 — 9M profit +20%, NPLs +38% (2026-10-27, from consolidated Q3 statements)
  2. OCB non-performing loans: about VND 8,769bn (up 38.2% from end-2025). Groups 3–5 loans outstanding at 30 September 2026. Banks (consolidated). Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: Doanh nghiệp Kinh tế Xanh: OCB Q3 2026 — 9M profit +20%, NPLs +38% (2026-10-27, from consolidated Q3 statements)
  3. OCB Group 5 (possible loss of capital) loans: about VND 5,852bn (up 52.7% from VND 3,833bn at end-2025). Loans classified Group 5 (possible loss of capital) at 30 September 2026. Banks (consolidated). Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: Doanh nghiệp Kinh tế Xanh: OCB Q3 2026 — 9M profit +20%, NPLs +38% (2026-10-27, from consolidated Q3 statements)
  4. OCB pre-tax profit, nine months: VND 4,123bn (up 20.2% year on year). Consolidated pre-tax profit, January–September 2026. Banks (consolidated). Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: Doanh nghiệp Kinh tế Xanh: OCB Q3 2026 — 9M profit +20%, NPLs +38% (2026-10-27, from consolidated Q3 statements)
  5. Sacombank credit-risk provision expense, Q3: VND 5,729bn (about 5.5 times VND 1,044bn in Q3 2025). Credit-risk provision expense, July–September 2026. Banks (consolidated). Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: CafeF: Bất ngờ lớn tại Sacombank (2026-10-27, from consolidated Q3 2026 statements)
  6. Sacombank pre-tax profit, Q3: VND 1,757bn (down about 52% from VND 3,657bn in Q3 2025). Consolidated pre-tax profit, July–September 2026. Banks (consolidated). Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: CafeF: Bất ngờ lớn tại Sacombank (2026-10-27, from consolidated Q3 2026 statements)
  7. Sacombank non-performing loans: about VND 51,367bn. Groups 3–5 loans outstanding at 30 September 2026. Banks (consolidated). Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: CafeF: Bất ngờ lớn tại Sacombank (2026-10-27, from consolidated Q3 2026 statements)
  8. Sacombank NPL ratio: about 7.33% (down from 7.54% at end-June 2026; about 6.41% at the start of the year)
    CafeF reports the ratio as about 7.33%; dividing its stated NPL balance by its stated loan balance gives about 7.5%, so the bank's ratio may use a different loan base. End-June figure from the earlier verified metric vn.sacombank_npl_ratio.2026q2.
    . Non-performing loans / total loans at 30 September 2026, as reported from Sacombank's Q3 statements. Banks (consolidated). Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: CafeF: Bất ngờ lớn tại Sacombank (2026-10-27, from consolidated Q3 2026 statements)
  9. ACB NPL ratio (bank-only): about 1.04%. Standalone NPL ratio at 30 September 2026, before reclassification using CIC data. Bank (standalone). Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: Doanh nghiệp Kinh tế Xanh: ACB 9M profit VND 16,600bn, NPL ratio 1.04% (2026-10-27)
  10. ACB NPL ratio including CIC-based classification: about 1.18%. Standalone NPL ratio at 30 September 2026 including loans reclassified using CIC data. Bank (standalone). Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: Doanh nghiệp Kinh tế Xanh: ACB 9M profit VND 16,600bn, NPL ratio 1.04% (2026-10-27)
  11. ACB customer loan growth since start of year: about 11.5%. Growth of customer loans (about VND 765.6 trillion at 30 September 2026) since the start of 2026. Bank. Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: Thời báo Tài chính Việt Nam: ACB credit up 11.5% (2026-10-27)
  12. ACB pre-tax profit, nine months: VND 16,614bn (up 3.4% year on year). Consolidated pre-tax profit, January–September 2026. Banks (consolidated). Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: Thời báo Tài chính Việt Nam: ACB credit up 11.5% (2026-10-27)
  13. Saigonbank NPL ratio: 3.06% (up from 2.96% at the start of the year). Non-performing loans / total loans at end-September 2026, consolidated Q3 statements. Banks (consolidated). Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: Markettimes: More banks report negative Q3 profit growth, NPL ratio above 3% (2026-10-24, Saigonbank consolidated Q3 statements)
  14. Saigonbank pre-tax profit, Q3: about VND 16.2bn (down 76.5% year on year). Consolidated pre-tax profit, July–September 2026. Banks (consolidated). Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: Markettimes: More banks report negative Q3 profit growth, NPL ratio above 3% (2026-10-24, Saigonbank consolidated Q3 statements)
  15. NPL ratio, listed banks: 2.01%
    Excludes unlisted banks and finance companies.
    . Groups 3–5 (non-performing) loans / total loans, 27 listed banks. 27 listed commercial banks (Vietstock compilation). Basis date: 30 Jun 2026. Source: vietnam.vn (republished from Báo Công Thương): Bad debts 'don't tell the whole story' about bank assets (2026-09-21)
  16. Techcombank NPL ratio: 1.36% (up from 1.15% at end-June 2026)
    The reported ratio includes the effect of reclassification using CIC data; the release states 1.26% excluding it.
    . Non-performing loans / total loans at 30 September 2026, as reported by the bank. Bank (consolidated). Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: Techcombank: 3Q26 results press release (Vietnamese, 2026-10-20)
  17. Sacombank NPL ratio: 7.54%
    Increase attributed to restructuring-related factors.
    . Non-performing loans / total loans. Sacombank. Basis date: 30 Jun 2026. Source: vietnam.vn (republished from Báo Công Thương): Bad debts 'don't tell the whole story' about bank assets (2026-09-21)
  18. System credit growth, year to date (30 September 2026): 11.59% (up from 10.24% on 17 September and 8.38% on 29 July). Growth of credit outstanding since end-2025, as stated by the SBV. Credit institution system. Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: CafeF: Deputy Governor Pham Thanh Ha — credit at 30/9 reaches VND 20.75 quadrillion, up 11.59% (2026-10-03)
  19. ttb NPL ratio: 2.88%. NPL ratio as reported by the bank in its third-quarter results. TMBThanachart Bank (ttb). Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: Nation Thailand: Thai banks' Q3 profits diverge amid margin squeeze as fee income offsets (2026-10-21)
  20. KKP NPL ratio: 3.4% (down from 4.3% at end-2025). NPL ratio as reported by the bank in its third-quarter results. Kiatnakin Phatra Bank (KKP). Basis date: 30 Sep 2026. Source: Nation Thailand: Thai banks' Q3 profits diverge amid margin squeeze as fee income offsets (2026-10-21)

Sources

  1. CafeF: Bất ngờ lớn tại Sacombank (2026-10-27)
  2. Doanh nghiệp Kinh tế Xanh: OCB Q3 2026 — 9M profit +20%, NPLs +38% (2026-10-27)
  3. Doanh nghiệp Kinh tế Xanh: ACB 9M profit VND 16,600bn, NPL ratio 1.04% (2026-10-27)
  4. Thời báo Tài chính Việt Nam: ACB credit up 11.5% (2026-10-27)
  5. Markettimes: More banks report negative Q3 profit growth (2026-10-24)
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