Cambodia
Loans of banks and financial institutions reached about USD 63bn at end-2025, exceeding GDP (credit-to-GDP 127.8%). The NBC NPL ratio has risen at every published reading, to 9.6% in June 2026 (up from 8.4% at end-June 2025), and the NBC is tightening prudential and conduct rules, with new capital-buffer and early-supervisory-intervention Prakas in 2025 and a review of microfinance over-indebtedness actions in 2026.
- Last updated
- 13 Nov 2026
- Latest data as of
- 30 Jun 2026
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NBC primary document not located on nbc.gov.kh; figure as reported by Xinhua from the NBC semi-annual report released 28 July 2026.
Reported figure; the NBC primary document in USD could not be read. Gross or net not stated.
Table 10.
FSR 2025, p. 9, Figure 1.18.
| 2024-12 | 7.4 |
|---|---|
| 2025-06 | 8.4 |
| 2025-12 | 8.9 |
| 2026-06 | 9.6 |
NPL ratio of banks and financial institutions as published by NBC. End-2024 and end-2025 from annual reports; June 2025 and June 2026 from semi-annual reports (June 2025 is the prior-year comparison in the H1 2026 report). Values taken from media reports of the NBC publications. Each point confirmed on 2026-09-28 against the cited reports (TheBetterCambodia/gbmfi for end-2024 and end-2025; Xinhua for June 2025 and June 2026). · Source: NBC Annual Report 2025 (end-2024 and 2025 values); NBC semi-annual report H1 2026 as reported by Xinhua (June 2025 and June 2026 values)
| 2011 | 3.7 |
|---|---|
| 2014 | 22.2 |
| 2017 | 21.7 |
| 2021 | 33.4 |
| 2024 | 39 |
Share of adults (age 15+) with an account at a financial institution or mobile-money provider · Source: World Bank Global Findex (WDI indicator FX.OWN.TOTL.ZS)
| 2023 | 200 |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 204 |
| 2025 | 208 |
| 2026 | 210 |
| 2027 | 212 |
Statutory minimum wage for regular workers in the garment, textile, footwear, travel goods and bag sectors, by year of application · Source: Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training prakas and announcements, as reported (2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027) 2027 is the rate announced on 30 September 2026, applying from 1 January 2027. Excludes fringe benefits.
Key indicators and definitions
Compilers differ; compare like with like.| Indicator | Value | Definition and scope | Basis date | Source | Definition and source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NBC NPL ratio (semi-annual, latest) | 9.6%NBC primary document not located on nbc.gov.kh; figure as reported by Xinhua from the NBC semi-annual report released 28 July 2026. | Non-performing loans as a share of total loans, banking systemBanks and financial institutions supervised by NBC | 30 Jun 2026 | NBC semi-annual report H1 2026 (via Xinhua, 2026-07-28) | Definition and sourceNon-performing loans as a share of total loans, banking system Scope: Banks and financial institutions supervised by NBC Source: NBC semi-annual report H1 2026 (via Xinhua, 2026-07-28) |
| International reserves | USD 25.3bnReported figure; the NBC primary document in USD could not be read. Gross or net not stated. | International reserves as announced by the central bankNational Bank of Cambodia | 30 Jun 2026 | Kiripost (Jul 2026), reporting National Bank of Cambodia data | Definition and sourceInternational reserves as announced by the central bank Scope: National Bank of Cambodia Source: Kiripost (Jul 2026), reporting National Bank of Cambodia data |
| Reserves in months of imports | 7.3 monthsTable 10. | Official reserves in months of prospective importsNBC balance of payments statistics | 31 Dec 2025 | National Bank of Cambodia, Balance of Payments Bulletin No. 90 | Definition and sourceOfficial reserves in months of prospective imports Scope: NBC balance of payments statistics Source: National Bank of Cambodia, Balance of Payments Bulletin No. 90 |
| Foreign-currency share of deposits (dollarization) | 90.7%FSR 2025, p. 9, Figure 1.18. | Foreign-currency deposits / total depositsBanking system supervised by NBC | 31 Dec 2025 | NBC Financial Stability Review 2025 (2026-03-28) | Definition and sourceForeign-currency deposits / total deposits Scope: Banking system supervised by NBC |
| CBC 90+ DPD ratio | 6.46%CBC definition; balance- or count-based not confirmed. | Share of loans more than ninety days past dueAll borrowers reported by CBC member institutions | 31 Dec 2025 | Cambodianess: Cambodia's $62 billion debt surge (CBC data), 2026-03-30 | Definition and sourceShare of loans more than ninety days past due Scope: All borrowers reported by CBC member institutions Source: Cambodianess: Cambodia's $62 billion debt surge (CBC data), 2026-03-30 |
| CBC SME 90+ DPD ratio | 7.7%CBC definition; balance- or count-based not confirmed. | Share of loans more than ninety days past dueSmall-business loans reported to CBC | 31 Mar 2026 | AKP: Cambodia small business loans rise to over US$37 billion in Q1 (CBC data), 2026-05-07 | Definition and sourceShare of loans more than ninety days past due Scope: Small-business loans reported to CBC Source: AKP: Cambodia small business loans rise to over US$37 billion in Q1 (CBC data), 2026-05-07 |
| NBC NPL ratio (annual) | 8.9%NBC Annual Report 2025, p. 45 (net NPL ratio 2.9%, provision coverage 67.5%). NBC labels its 2025 figures estimates based on actual data up to November 2025. | Non-performing loans as a share of total loans, banking systemBanks and financial institutions supervised by NBC | 31 Dec 2025 | NBC Annual Report 2025 (published 2026-01-23) | Definition and sourceNon-performing loans as a share of total loans, banking system Scope: Banks and financial institutions supervised by NBC |
| NBC restructured loans ratio (semi-annual) | 7.5%Stated by the NBC Governor at the 27 July 2026 first-half review; the NBC said these measures are being phased out gradually. Both this value and the end-2025 8.3% are restructured loans as a share of total loans; the end-2025 figure comes from the NBC Annual Report 2025 (estimates based on data to November 2025, 252,868 customers), while the H1 2026 count is in loan accounts. | Value of restructured loan accounts as a share of the total loan portfolio, per the NBC GovernorBanks and financial institutions supervised by NBC | 30 Jun 2026 | AKP: Cambodia’s Banking System Remains Healthy Despite External Risks (NBC H1 2026 review, 2026-07-28) | Definition and sourceValue of restructured loan accounts as a share of the total loan portfolio, per the NBC Governor Scope: Banks and financial institutions supervised by NBC |
| NBC restructured loans ratio | 8.3%NBC Annual Report 2025, p. 45: KHR 21.1 trillion (USD 5.3 billion), about 8.3% of total loans, 252,868 customers, restructured under NBC forbearance measures for customers facing temporary financial difficulties; the report does not separate restructurings linked to the 2025 border conflict. 2024 value from the Graph 69 data label. NBC labels its 2025 figures estimates based on actual data up to November 2025. | Restructured loans as a share of total banking-system loansBanks and financial institutions supervised by NBC | 31 Dec 2025 | NBC Annual Report 2025 (published 2026-01-23) | Definition and sourceRestructured loans as a share of total banking-system loans Scope: Banks and financial institutions supervised by NBC |
| NPL ratio, deposit-taking institutions (DTIs) | 8.3%FSR 2025, p. 17 and Figure 2.10; 2024 value from the figure's data label. | Gross NPL ratioDeposit-taking institutions: commercial banks and microfinance deposit-taking institutions (MDIs) | 31 Dec 2025 | NBC Financial Stability Review 2025 (2026-03-28) | Definition and sourceGross NPL ratio Scope: Deposit-taking institutions: commercial banks and microfinance deposit-taking institutions (MDIs) |
| Net NPL ratio after provisions, DTIs | 2.7%FSR 2025, p. 17, footnote 6 and Figure 2.10; 2024 value from the figure's data label. | (NPLs − specific provisions) ÷ (gross loans − specific provisions)Deposit-taking institutions: commercial banks and microfinance deposit-taking institutions (MDIs) | 31 Dec 2025 | NBC Financial Stability Review 2025 (2026-03-28) | Definition and source(NPLs − specific provisions) ÷ (gross loans − specific provisions) Scope: Deposit-taking institutions: commercial banks and microfinance deposit-taking institutions (MDIs) |
| NPL ratio, non-deposit-taking institutions (NDTIs) | 13.5%FSR 2025, p. 22 and Figure 2.24. | Gross NPL ratioNon-deposit-taking institutions: MFIs, specialised banks and financial leasing institutions | 31 Dec 2025 | NBC Financial Stability Review 2025 (2026-03-28) | Definition and sourceGross NPL ratio Scope: Non-deposit-taking institutions: MFIs, specialised banks and financial leasing institutions |
| Total loans (NBC) | about USD 63bnNBC Annual Report 2025, Graphs 56 and 58: KHR 252 trillion, up 4.1%. USD value is a T&S conversion at the 2025 average rate of KHR 4,011 per USD (about USD 62.8bn); press reports of the NBC release gave USD 63bn. The FSR 2025 reports credit growth of 5.4% on a different coverage. NBC labels its 2025 figures estimates based on actual data up to November 2025. | Outstanding credit of the banking systemBanks and financial institutions supervised by NBC | 31 Dec 2025 | NBC Annual Report 2025 (published 2026-01-23) | Definition and sourceOutstanding credit of the banking system Scope: Banks and financial institutions supervised by NBC |
| Credit-to-GDP ratio | 127.8%FSR 2025, p. 12, Figures 2.2–2.3; the banking system here excludes rural credit institutions (FSR footnote 5). 2024 value from the figure's data label. | Banking-system credit as a share of nominal GDPBanks and financial institutions supervised by NBC | 31 Dec 2025 | NBC Financial Stability Review 2025 (2026-03-28) | Definition and sourceBanking-system credit as a share of nominal GDP Scope: Banks and financial institutions supervised by NBC |
| Remittance inflows (NBC) | USD 2.1bnFSR 2025, p. 5 (balance-of-payments section, Figure 1.6). The Annual Report 2025 appendix table, with data to November, shows personal transfers of USD 2.0bn (−27.4%). | Remittance inflowsPersonal remittances received | 31 Dec 2025 | NBC Financial Stability Review 2025 (2026-03-28) | Definition and sourceRemittance inflows Scope: Personal remittances received |
| Remittances from workers abroad (MoLVT estimate) | USD 1.86bnDetailed definition unverified. | Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training estimateCambodian workers abroad | 31 Dec 2025 | Cambodianess: Remittance crunch (MoLVT estimate), 2026-03-31 | Definition and sourceMinistry of Labour and Vocational Training estimate Scope: Cambodian workers abroad Source: Cambodianess: Remittance crunch (MoLVT estimate), 2026-03-31 |
| Account ownership (adults) | 39.0%up from 33.4% in 2021 | Share of adults (age 15+) with an account at a financial institution or mobile-money providerPopulation age 15+ | 31 Dec 2024 | World Bank Global Findex: account ownership (FX.OWN.TOTL.ZS), Cambodia | Definition and sourceShare of adults (age 15+) with an account at a financial institution or mobile-money provider Scope: Population age 15+ Source: World Bank Global Findex: account ownership (FX.OWN.TOTL.ZS), Cambodia |
| Bakong retail payment transactions | about 1.32 billionriel +157.3% y/y, USD +79.7% y/y | Annual number of Bakong retail transactions (riel 771m + USD 554m)Bakong retail payments | 31 Dec 2025 | NBC Payment System Annual Book 2025 (2026-05-24) | Definition and sourceAnnual number of Bakong retail transactions (riel 771m + USD 554m) Scope: Bakong retail payments |
21 articles on Cambodia
Macro, credit, regulation, competition, digital infrastructure and T&S View.
Browse all articles- Credit · Research note · 13 Nov 2026Cambodia rate-cap research: lower costs, larger loans and slightly more informal credit
- Credit · Research note · 5 Nov 2026Cambodia's loan-quality gauges: NPL ratios, credit-bureau arrears and restructured loans measure different risks
- Credit · 28 Oct 2026Cambodia's bank and MFI associations pledge fairer collections and case-by-case restructuring, without timelines
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